Last week a new science festival came to town. For 3 days, 15 different pubs in London, Oxford and Cambridge invited local scientists to share their work with the punters for a Pint of Science. Each city hosted talks on the brain, the body and biotechnology and I attended two of the biotechnology evenings held in Cambridge.

pint of science

On Wednesday, Colin Davidson and Chris Lowe asked ‘Can you live without your mobile?

With the UN predicting that there will be more phones than people in the world by the end of 2014, and the majority of the growth in mobile phone use now in the developing world, both Colin and Chris are interested in exploiting the concept of mobile healthcare for the benefit of society.

Their talks reminded me of some of the research we’ve covered in Chemistry World, including this app for detecting food allergens.  Mobile phone based technologies are (obviously) more portable and often easier to use, so ideal for improving or monitoring health in traditionally poorly served hard-to-reach areas.

Apparently Android is ahead of Apple when it comes to the development of mobile technology for science – good to know; I’m in the market for a new smartphone…

The overriding conclusion of the evening was that the role smartphones play in helping to alleviate modern healthcare problems is only going to increase, so for mobile healthcare at least, the future really is bright.

On Thursday, Annabel Murphy and Alison Smith discussed generating energy and chemicals using microorganisms.

Oil-derived petrochemicals are used to make a lot of things other than fuel by the pharmaceutical and chemical industry but Annabel made a good case for using microorganisms to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. Chemical production using microorganisms is already a well established technology and she mentioned how very recently yeast has been used to make the antimalarial drug, artemisinin. There are a number of advantages to this approach, as ‘nature is a much better chemist than we are.’

There was a mini-pub quiz in the interval, and I’m sorry to admit that we did very badly. Do you know which country has had a mandatory blending of biofuel with gasoline since 1976? Despite our abysmal performance, it did get us all thinking and led nicely into Alison’s talk.

Alison spoke about the potential for using algae to sustainably generate energy. Plants and algae have been photosynthesising for millions of years so it makes sense to harness this process. Cultivating algae at scale is, however, a major challenge, as is public acceptance of the idea. (On a side note, Alison provided some comments for the feature on algae biofactories in the May issue of Chemistry World  – it’s definitely worth a read.)

 

Both evenings were very much focussed on the background to the topics, and although this offered a really good grounding in each subjects, I was a little disappointed not to hear more about the researchers’ actual work. It left me unclear as to who the target audience was – the mildly science literate person, as I would class myself, or an interested lay person. Personally, I found the presentations quite long and would have preferred more time for discussion – this is when the audience really became engaged with the science.

Despite these small quibbles, the events were very enjoyable and I came away feeling like I had learnt something. Hearing about research direct from the researchers is more than just learning facts and figures – we’re given a view into the personalities and the lives of the real people behind the science.  It would be wrong to underestimate how worthwhile it can be for the public to hear about research first-hand.

According to their twitter account, @pintofscience, the organisers have already started planning the events for next year. Follow them there or visit their website for news of future events.

Who else had a pint of science last week?

Jennifer Newton

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Camouflage has been used by military forces since the ancient Roman Empire. It seems obvious that matching the colour of your vehicle to the environment will make you a far less visible target. But using modern scientific techniques, camouflage can be far more than simply painting a vehicle to blend into the background.

Foxhound light patrol vehicle in Army Brown. Courtesy of AkzoNobel.

Foxhound light patrol vehicle in Army Brown. Courtesy of AkzoNobel.

AkzoNobel, a paints and coatings company based in the Netherlands, has announced a new paint for British Army vehicles that not only works as camouflage, but can help to protect soldiers against chemical attacks.

British army vehicles have been painted with sand coloured camouflage since before the Second World War. Warfare has changed a lot since then, so it’s about time they were redecorated. To devise a new colour scheme, the Ministry of Defence collected samples of soil and rocks from Afghanistan, along with high resolution imagery. The new hue was given the, perhaps uninspiring, name of Army Brown.

Army Brown is similar to the tan colour used by the US and Australian militaries, and designed to work well both in arid environments and amongst vegetation.

Tasked with developing the paint, AkzoNobel decided to build in more functionality, and designed a water-based solution that would protect the vehicles from corrosion and is capable of absorbing chemical warfare agents. Thanks to the inclusion of a specific resin, the paint can also be peeled off and disposed of when contaminated or if a quick change of colour is required.

The new paint has already been applied to Foxhound light patrol vehicles, as well as some of the Warrior tracked vehicles in use in Afghanistan. Further developments in the pipeline include a bespoke molecule which builds on the current generation’s ability to absorb chemical agents by changing colour to alert vehicle operators to their presence, and will also neutralise them on contact.

This marks an evolution of the capabilities of camouflage, and should help to keep soldiers safer on the front line in some of the most challenging environments.

 

Please indulge the author…

Hello!  I’m Ben Valsler, the newest addition to the Chemistry World family. I’ve been given the newly created position of Online and Multimedia editor, so amongst other things I’ll regularly be contributing to this blog, as well as inviting posts from occasional guest bloggers.

I must confess, I’m not a chemist. I’ve studied zoology & science communication, and throughout my career so far have concentrated on topics as diverse as genetics, astronomy & materials science. Being a jack of all trades (and some would say master of none) has given me a real interest in the boundaries – the edge effects where one specialism meets another, where theory meets application and where science meets engineering.

That’s why this story caught my eye. What seems initially like a simple request – formulate a new paint of a certain colour – led to the development of a coating that can do so much more.

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 It’s good news!! Chemistry World has been shortlisted for best specialist site for journalism in the Online Media Awards. The awards are well known within the media industry and nominees in other categories include Channel 4 News, Sky News, Al-Jazeera English and the BBC.

Chemistry World is in good company in the specialist category and faces tough competition from the Press Gazette, the Guardian data website and Nursing Times.

The awards ceremony will take place in London on 12 June and we will know then whether we won or not. Wish us luck!

Bibiana Campos Seijo

PS: For the full list of nominations and to see who we are up against you can go here.

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What more can you say about solar photovoltaics (PV)? They basically tick all the boxes – completely clean, cheap, limitless, there’s enough to power the world and, most importantly, they’re bendy – and we are now so close to seeing it do its thing in a big way. In some ways, you could compare it to a promising young athlete (Gareth Bale, perhaps, for the football-minded) – you’re not sure just how good they can become, but they’re already exciting to watch.

Despite this, some feel that the technology is still not getting the support it needs from business to reach its potential. ‘For some reason, [solar energy] is never a big mix in the predicted 2020 or 2050 calculations,’ says Henry Snaith at the University of Oxford, UK. ‘I don’t think people who do the calculations really figure in the potential for technological evolution and development advancement.’

The best is yet to come

Snaith’s recent work certainly demonstrates this kind of evolution. Whilst working on a class of dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) modified with perovskites, he made a crucial discovery. He found that some perovskites, which were being used as the sensitiser component, could themselves transport charge, making one of the key components of DSSCs redundant, greatly reducing energy loss.

(more…)

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Kids’ chemistry sets seem to be making a comeback (check out our great feature on chemistry sets), complete with the old gender stereotypes. Tesco is the latest retailer to come under fire for sexism, after it placed a toy chemistry set in the ‘boys’ category in its online shop. (more…)

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We all love a cartoon. Animation is a fiddly and time consuming but I can remember the fun of making flip books. Taking it up a notch, IBM researchers have some more expensive kit than my notepad and pen, and now they’ve used it to make an ‘atomic movie’.

Scanning tunnelling microscopes can image individual molecules on a metal surface, and drag those same atoms and molecules around to make letters and images. Stop-motion animators today make an image, take a picture, change the image slightly, take another picture, and repeat that cycle until they have enough frames to make a film. Put the two together and you get ‘The boy and his atom’ premièring today on YouTube and certified by Guinness World Records as the smallest ever movie. The cast ? Carbon monoxide molecules.

In total the movie is made of 242 frames and I love how you can see the ripples in electron density that surround ‘Adam’ and his bouncy little friend. I’d love to know how long the entire process took, not just the imaging but the tidying up of the image and the putting it together. Using such big machinery cooled down to low temperatures to keep the molecules where they’re put is pretty expensive and labour intensive, so I’m not sure atomic animation will be taken up by Hollywood just yet. But as a demonstration of the control IBM now has over single atoms and molecules the video is pretty neat. IBM has also released a video with some more behind the scenes detail which you can watch here.

My verdict? Well I just tried to make a flip book of a thumbs up, but I think I’ll leave the animation to the professionals. Good job. What do you think?

Laura Howes

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I’ve recently heard of a competition called I’m a scientist – Get me out of here and I must say that I love the concept. Basically, it is a free online event a little bit like an X Factor-style (yes, I know, shameful but I do watch it) competition for scientists, where students are the judges. 

How does it work? Scientists put up a profile on the I’m a Scientist website where students then ask questions and challenge them over fast-paced online live chats.  Overall, over a two week-period (17–28 June), there will be around an hour of live text chats  and an hour answering questions each day so it is a fun way of developing communication skills, gaining a fresh perspective on your research, and finding out what young people think about science and the role of scientists.

The objective is to get school students to meet and interact with scientists and it works very well. Plus everything happens on the web, so participants can join in without leaving their desk. In addition, students have the option to vote and the winning scientist gets £500 to spend on science communication. Not bad!

 A number of Societies and professional bodies are supporting the competition and the Royal Society of Chemistry, for example, is sponsoring the Energy Zone, which will cover the science of and issues relating to maintaining a supply of affordable, secure energy. 

Scientists who want to take part need to apply before 6 May 2013.

Students who want to take part need to get their teacher to sign up asap.

Good luck and happy chatting to all!

Bibiana Campos Seijo

 

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Mosquito nets have been instrumental in cutting cases of malaria

A person dies from malaria every minute. Seven people are infected with this debilitating disease every second. These are the figures that World Malaria Day – which is today – is seeking to highlight.

World Malaria Day has been going since 2007. It was established by the World Health Assembly, part of the World Health Organization, to get people to sit up and take note of this often underreported disease. While the headline figures look bad, great steps have already been made in tackling the disease.

The good news is that the global mortality rate for malaria has fallen by 25% since 2000. At the same time, 50 out of the 99 countries where malaria is endemic are set to meet targets to cut infection rates by three-quarters by 2015. However, new problems have emerged. As the UN and projects like the Medicines for Malaria Venture, with the help of philanthropic organisations such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, have stepped up the fight against the disease, criminals have taken advantage. It’s now estimated that a third of malaria drugs sold around the world are counterfeit. (more…)

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History is peppered with stories of scientists simultaneously making discoveries. One of the most famous was, of course, when Newton and Leibniz independently developed calculus, but this also occurred for other huge scientific discoveries, such as Darwin and Wallace both coming up with the theory of evolution and, in chemistry, Scheele and Priestley separately discovering oxygen. (more…)

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This week’s compound is so bitter (a thousand times more so than quinine) that it’s used to stop people drinking alcohol. Discover denatonium benzoate - the bitterest compound in the world – in this week’s Chemistry in its element  podcast.

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